Cause and effect analysis is one of the most widely recognized methods used in quality management to understand why problems occur. Commonly associated with the Ishikawa or fishbone diagram, the method provides a structured way to examine how multiple factors may contribute to an undesired outcome. Despite its familiarity, the method is often applied superficially. […]
Understanding AS9100D requirements remains one of the most common challenges for aerospace and defense suppliers. Clause language—especially the repeated use of shall, should, may, and can—creates uncertainty during audits and system implementation. Many nonconformities are linked to misunderstanding what the requirement actually demands rather than any breakdown in the process itself. When the language of […]
Understanding Sample Size in AS9100D Internal Audits AS9100D does not dictate how many records, parts, or transactions to sample during an internal audit. Instead, auditors must select a size sufficient to achieve audit objectives while considering process risk, past performance, and available evidence. The goal is to gather enough objective evidence to confirm conformity or […]
